ABSTRACT
Materials and Methods@#ESKAPE microorganisms were isolated from inpatients clinical samples. Bacterial identification, as well as antimicrobial susceptibility levels for up to 29 antimicrobial agents and presence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (only established in K. pneumoniae) were determined using automatic methods. @*Results@#Of 9,918 clinical isolates, 1,917/3,777 (50.8%) [JAN/2009-JUN/2010 (Period 1)] and 4764/6141 (46.4%) [JAN/2012-DEC/2014 (Period 2)] belonged to the ESKAPE group (P <0.0001). ESKAPE were more frequent in the intensive care unit (ICU) (P <0.0001). E. faecium decreased from 5.1% to 4.1% (P <0.5), S. aureus from 10.5% to 7.0% (P <0.05), and P. aeruginosa from 12.9% to 11.6% (P <0.05), while, A. baumannii increased from 5.0% to 6.7% (P <0.05), mainly related to an increase in ICU isolates (8.4% vs. 17.1%; P <0.05). Overall, high levels of antimicrobial resistance were detected, but with few exceptions (e.g. vancomycin in E. faecium), antibiotic resistance levels remained stable or lower in Period 2. Contrarily, A. baumannii showed significantly increased resistance to different cephalosporins, carbapenems and amoxicillin plus sulbactam. @*Conclusion@#The introduction of a successful extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii clone in the ICU is suspected. The isolation of ESKAPE and levels of antibiotic resistance levels have reduced over time.
ABSTRACT
Materials and Methods@#ESKAPE microorganisms were isolated from inpatients clinical samples. Bacterial identification, as well as antimicrobial susceptibility levels for up to 29 antimicrobial agents and presence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (only established in K. pneumoniae) were determined using automatic methods. @*Results@#Of 9,918 clinical isolates, 1,917/3,777 (50.8%) [JAN/2009-JUN/2010 (Period 1)] and 4764/6141 (46.4%) [JAN/2012-DEC/2014 (Period 2)] belonged to the ESKAPE group (P <0.0001). ESKAPE were more frequent in the intensive care unit (ICU) (P <0.0001). E. faecium decreased from 5.1% to 4.1% (P <0.5), S. aureus from 10.5% to 7.0% (P <0.05), and P. aeruginosa from 12.9% to 11.6% (P <0.05), while, A. baumannii increased from 5.0% to 6.7% (P <0.05), mainly related to an increase in ICU isolates (8.4% vs. 17.1%; P <0.05). Overall, high levels of antimicrobial resistance were detected, but with few exceptions (e.g. vancomycin in E. faecium), antibiotic resistance levels remained stable or lower in Period 2. Contrarily, A. baumannii showed significantly increased resistance to different cephalosporins, carbapenems and amoxicillin plus sulbactam. @*Conclusion@#The introduction of a successful extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii clone in the ICU is suspected. The isolation of ESKAPE and levels of antibiotic resistance levels have reduced over time.
ABSTRACT
We present an atypical case of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Sihuas district, located in the Andean valleys of Ancash-Peru. A 62-year-old man with no particular medical history presented multiple lesions located on the inferior abdomen, lumbar region and the right anterior thigh. Histological analysis found leishmanial amastigotes in the lesion sample, the Montenegro reaction was positive for Leishmania spp, and the polymerase chain reaction was positive for Leishmania peruviana. In conclusion, the atypical presentation of this disease may be related to the presence of an uncommon parasite strain or host immune deficiencies. The molecular identification of the etiology for disseminated leishmaniasis, will allow a better understanding of the presentation and proper treatment, as well as associated risk factors.
ABSTRACT
We present an atypical case of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Sihuas district, located in the Andean valleys of Ancash-Peru. A 62-year-old man with no particular medical history presented multiple lesions located on the inferior abdomen, lumbar region and the right anterior thigh. Histological analysis found leishmanial amastigotes in the lesion sample, the Montenegro reaction was positive for Leishmania spp, and the polymerase chain reaction was positive for Leishmania peruviana. In conclusion, the atypical presentation of this disease may be related to the presence of an uncommon parasite strain or host immune deficiencies. The molecular identification of the etiology for disseminated leishmaniasis, will allow a better understanding of the presentation and proper treatment, as well as associated risk factors.
ABSTRACT
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a cytoplasmic enzyme with an important function in cell oxidative damage prevention. Erythrocytes have a predisposition towards oxidized environments due to their lack of mitochondria, giving G6PD a major role in its stability. G6PD deficiency (G6PDd) is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans; it affects approximately 400 million individuals worldwide. The overall G6PDd allele frequency across malaria endemic countries is estimated to be 8%, corresponding to approximately 220 million males and 133 million females. However, there are no reports on the prevalence of G6PDd in Andean communities where bartonellosis is prevalent.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To characterize two Achromobacter xylosoxidans recovered from 2 patients diagnosed with pertussis during a Bordetella pertussis surveillance program.@*METHODS@#Nasopharyngeal swabs from 2 children under 1 year of age with clinical suspicion of pertussis were analyzed by culture and PCR.@*RESULTS@#Two Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8, closely related to Bordetella spp. were recovered from 2 patients diagnosed of pertussis, both carrying the ptxA gene and IS418 the pertussis toxin encoding gene. Subsequently, antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk-diffusion method and by PCR.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Although more detailed studies are needed, the present data highlight the possibility that Achromobacter xylosoxidans, closely related Bordetella pertusssis microorganisms and not covered under the vaccine umbrella, might also result in cases of whooping cough. Thereby further surveillance is necessary to determine the extension and relevance of their pathogenic role in order to discriminate their real public health implication.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To characterize two Achromobacter xylosoxidans recovered from 2 patients diagnosed with pertussis during a Bordetella pertussis surveillance program. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs from 2 children under 1 year of age with clinical suspicion of pertussis were analyzed by culture and PCR. Results: Two Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8, closely related to Bordetella spp. were recovered from 2 patients diagnosed of pertussis, both carrying the ptxA gene and IS418 the pertussis toxin encoding gene. Subsequently, antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk-diffusion method and by PCR. Conclusions: Although more detailed studies are needed, the present data highlight the possibility that Achromobacter xylosoxidans, closely related Bordetella pertusssis microorganisms and not covered under the vaccine umbrella, might also result in cases of whooping cough. Thereby further surveillance is necessary to determine the extension and relevance of their pathogenic role in order to discriminate their real public health implication.
ABSTRACT
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a cytoplasmic enzyme with an important function in cell oxidative damage prevention. Erythrocytes have a predisposition towards oxidized environments due to their lack of mitochondria, giving G6PD a major role in its stability. G6PD deficiency (G6PDd) is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans; it affects approximately 400 million individuals worldwide. The overall G6PDd allele frequency across malaria endemic countries is estimated to be 8%, corresponding to approximately 220 million males and 133 million females. However, there are no reports on the prevalence of G6PDd in Andean communities where bartonellosis is prevalent.